I.KEY WORDS:
1.Flow resources: the resources that does not remind in one please and most because of unnatural actions in the physical environment.
2.Groundwater: water that is found underground in soil rocks etc.,
3.Drainage: the process by which water or liquid waste is drained from any area
4.Water Sharing Law:
5.Watershed: An area of land where all the water that is collected under it or drains off as it goes into the same place is called as 'watershed'.
6.Catchment Area: The area of land bounded by watersheds draining into a river, basin or
reservoir.
7.Drought: a long period when there is a little or no rain leading to dryness of land.
8.Percolation: to more gradually a surface that has very small holes.
II. IMPROVE YOUR LEARNING:
1.Draw a table to describe the major river systems in India with the following items:
direction of flow, countries or regions through which they pass and relief features of the areas.
A.
2.Identify and list arguments that would support or oppose the use of groundwater invarious contexts such as agriculture, industry etc.
A.
The arguments :
1.Water means life for everything.
2.Industries extract large amount of water.
3.Agriculture also depends on more amount of water.
4.There is a fall in the groundwater level due to 'Green Revolution'.
Support and oppose:
1.Industries are essential for economic development of any country.
2.The industrial used water should be recycled .
3.So, a well balanced use of groundwater should be permitted.
4.Agricultural production is quite needed for our livelihood.
5.So, a systematic water priority should be given to agriculture.
6.Top priority of water usage shall be given to drinking purpose and household purposes.
3.Make a list of challenges faced in the water resources in the Tungabhadra basin. Identify the solutions that have been discussed in the context of these problems either in this chapter or elsewhere in different classes.
A.
4.Which aspects of farming practices were regulated in the context of Hiware Bazar to improve the water conservation?
A.
5.How significant are the laws and people’s actions, in the context of water resources? Write a short note based on the ideas discussed in the last two sections of the chapter.
6.In what ways is water bought and sold in your area and for what purposes? Do you think there should be some checks and balances for this? Discuss.
7.Availability of water is decreasing day by day. Ground water level is decreasing. How will it affect our lives, if this situation continues? Discuss the preventive measures and our responsibility?
Map pointing:
A) Locate the following on the India map
1. Karnataka 2. Andhra Pradesh
3. Telangana. 4. River Tungabhadra
5. River Krishna
III. Short Answers:
1.Classify the drainage system in India?
A.
It is divided into two categories:
1.The Himalayan Rivers.
2.The Peninsular rivers.
2.Classify the principal systems of the Himalayan Rivers?
A.
There are 3 principal Himalayan river systems:
1. The Indus river system.
2. The Ganga river system.
3. The Brahmaputra system.
3.Classify Indian drainage system on the basis of it’s origin and explain any one of them.(June 2023)
A.
The Indian drainage system broadly divided into two categories:
i) The Himalayan Rivers: River Indus, Ganga and Brahmaputra
ii) The Peninsular Rivers: River Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna, Cauvery, Narmada and Tapati
The Indus River system:
1) The Indus originates in the northern slopes of the Kailash range in Tibet near Lake Manasasarovar.
2) It follows a north-westerly course through Tibet.
3) It enters Indian territory in Jammu and Kashmir.
4) The main tributaries of the Indus in India are Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas and Sutlej.
5) They cover Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab and Himachal Pradesh states of India.
3. Name examples for peninsular rivers?
A.
1. Godavari River.2. Krishna River.
3. Cauvery river.
4. Mahanadi river.
4.Give examples for the rivers that originate in the northern part of Indian Peninsula, but belong to Ganga River system.
A.
1.Chambal.
2.Betwa.
3.Ken.
4.Son.
5.Which two rivers join to form the Ganga?
A.
The Ganga has twin sources.
1.The Bhagirathi originating at the Gangotri glacier is the main source.
2.The Alakananda originating from the Satopanth glacier to the north-west of Badrinath.
6.Give two examples for West flowing rivers in peninsular India?
A.
1.The Narmada river.
2.The Tapti river.
7.Why the Himalayan Rivers are called perennial?
A.
1. The Himalayan rivers are perennial.
2. This is because the rivers are supplied water on rainfall as well as the melting snow.
8.Write any two differences between the Himalayan Rivers and Peninsular Rivers?
A.
Himalayan rivers:
1. They are perennial rivers.
2. They don't have fixed course.
3. There are meanders present.
4. They are originates from glaciers.
Peninsular rivers:
1. They are not perennial rivers.
2. They have fixed course.
3. There are absent of meanders.
4. They are originates from western Ghats.
9.What are the characteristics / features of peninsular rivers.
A.
1. These are flowing in a fixed course.
2. These rivers are absence of meanders.
3. These rivers are non-perennial flow of water.
4. These are depends on rainfall in nature.
10.Classify the Tungabhadra River basin.
A.
It is divided into two parts:
1. Tungabhadra, shared by three southern states, Karnataka, Telangana and Andhra Pradesh.
2.The upper and middle catchment area in Karnataka.
3.The lower portion of the catchment in Telangana and Andhra Pradesh.
10.Write any two conflicts in the use of water for Tungabhadra river basin?
A.
1.The upper catchment area is used for storage by water harvesting. The lower portion of the basin is characterised by lower rainfall and drought conditions.
2.Later Karnataka constructed another dam known as Almatti dam. This affected the availability of river water to Tungabhadra and AP.
11.Discuss the term " watershed".
A.
An area of land where all the water that is collected under it or drains off as it goes into the same place is called as ' watershed ' .
12.Mention the reasons for Tungabhadra dam gradually losing its water storage capacity over the last 50years.
A.
With accumulation of silt due to mining, dust, soil erosion and debris, the reservoir has lost its storage capacity.
13.Give examples for the major crops that demand a lot of water.
A.
1. Paddy
2. Sugarcane and Banana
14.What are the pre - conditions for selection of villages under Adarsh Gram Yojana in Maharashtra?
A.
There are FOUR bans.
1. Kurhad bandi – ban on felling trees.
2. Charai bandi – ban on free grazing.
3. Nas bandi – Family Planning.
4. Nasha bandi – ban on liquor.
15.What are the steps taken for social control over ground water extraction and use in Hiware Bazar?
A.
1.No bore wells for irrigation, only through dug wells.
2.No water - intensive crops.
3.If case of good rainfall, they can take full Rabi crop; otherwise the area under Rabi should be brought down.
4.With crop planning, water prioritization is decided.
17.“The groundwater laws are both outdated and inappropriate”. Explain.
A.
1. The present days the laws about groundwater in many states are both outdated and inappropriate.
2.Today dip tube Wells have the potential to drive a lot of water more over there are no laws and regulations that can determine on how many Wells and hand pumps can be same in a given area.
3. Land owners were not restricted in the amount of water they can take out.
4. Over extraction from one tube well often around.
18.Why continuous contour trenches (CCTs) are constructed in Hiware Bazaar?
A.
1.They dug on the hill slopes arrest the erosion of soil.
2.They harvest rain water, thus encouraging growth of grass.
19.Why did the issue between Perumatty Gram Panchayat and the Coca-Cola Company reach the court?
A.
1.The ground water levels decreased and water became not fit for drinking due to excess use of water by Coca-Cola. Company in Perumatty, a village in Kerala.
2.The Gram Panchayat did not renew the license given to the company, the company went to the court.
19.
A.
20.Write two slogans on water conservation.
A.
1.Harvest rain water - Increase groundwater.
2.Water is very precious - Usage should be cautious.
3.Save water - Safe life.
4.Grow the social forests- increase water levels
5.Water is precious - Don’t waste it.
21. What were the steps taken in Hiware Bazar to conserve the soil and water? (TS Mar 2024)
A.
1. The soil and water conservation works implemented in common lands and private grasslands.
2. Continuous contour trenches (CCTs) were dug on the hill slopes.
3. Encourage the growth of grass.
4. Water harvesting structures were built - check dams, percolation tanks, and loose boulder structures.
5. Plantations on forest lands and roadsides.
