I. KEYWORDS:
1. Arctic circle: A Circle of parallel, or line of latitude around the Earth denotes with 66°30′ N approximately known as Arctic Circle.
2. Tundra vegetation: Tundra region gets very little sunlight, it has a unique type of vegetation known as the ‘Tundra Vegetation’.
3. Icebergs: Icebergs are large chunks of ice that break off from glaciers.
4. Eskimos: The people who are living in the Arctic region (Tundra) region are called Eskimos.
5. Kayaks: Kayaks are small canoe like boats made of animal skins stretched over a wooden frame.
6. Igloo: A type of shelter which is used for living by Eskimos for themselves is called Igloo.
II. Short Answers:
1. What do all the Eskimos believe?
A.
All Eskimos groups believe in a supernatural power called Sila and spirits (such as Sedna, the goddess of life, health and food). They believe that people and animals have souls that live after death.
2. How do the people of Tundra get light in winter?
A.
1. During November, December and January months the Sun rise will not be the Tundra regions. But twilight is available.
2. So, there will be entirely no darkness reflection of the stars light on the snow cover on the surface of the earth and they and red layers too provide light to these areas. These layers are known as Aurora Bor
3. What do the 'Shamans' do?
A.
Shamans use trances, drama and magic tricks in their performances.
5. Who are called 'Shamans'?
A.
The people skilled in performing rituals are called Shamans.
6. What is called 'Permafrost?
A.
Due to the cold, the upper soil surface of the polar region is frozen into a rock - like state all through the year. This is called Permafrost. 13.
7. What is called 'Tundra Vegetation'?
A.
The tundra region is very cold. Since the Tundra region gets very little sunlight, it has a unique type of vegetation known as the Tundra Vegetation.
8. What happens as we move away from the equator?
A.
Temperature falls when we move from the equator to the poles.
9. Which continent parts fall within this region?
A.
North America, Europe and some parts of Russia fall within this region.
10. What does the Eskimo religion show deep concern for?
A.
Eskimo religion shows deep concern for life, health, sickness, starvation and death.
10. What is called Tundra region?
A.
The northern part of the continents within the polar region is known as the Tundra.
11. How is the house impacted by the climate of Tundra Region?
A.
The climate of Polar regions forcing the Eskimos to construct their habitat with the available resources like ice, stone slates, wooden frames, ribs of the whales etc. After the construction, they use the animal skin to cover these houses
12. Write about the climate of Tundra region?
A.
There are two seasons in Tundra region:
Winter:
1. In the Tundra region it is extremely cold.
2. It is almost dark throughout November, December and January, This is the winter of the Tundra, it is bitterly cold.
3. The water of the rivers, lakes and seas freezes.
Summer:
1. The sun begins to shine around February-March. Gradually, day becomes lengthen.
2. Summer months from May to July, it shines all 24 hours, does not rise overhead; just above the horizon.
3. Since the sun does not go high up in the
sky, it is never very warm.
13. Write about the natural vegetations of tundra region
A.
1. Due to the cold, the upper soil surface of the region is frozen into a rock-like state all through the year. This is called ‘permafrost’.
2. As there is little soil, only some small plants can grow.
3. The underground soil being hard, it is difficult for trees to grow.
4. Even if they manage to grow, the trees get damaged and uprooted with the strong winds and storms. So, most of the tundra region is tree-less.
14. Read the paragraph "The northern part as the 'Tundra Vegetation" and answer the following question.
"The northern part of the continents within the polar region is known as the Tundra. Tundra
1. Conditions for plant - life are quite unfavorable in the Tundra.
2. The sub - soils are permanently frozen.
3. The growth period is short and even during that period the ground is saturated with the melt waters.
4. The Bush Tundra, The Grass Tundra and The Desert Tundra are the natural vegetation of the Tundra region.
II. Improve your learning:
1. Re - write the false statements with correct ones:
a) Animal body parts were used only in clothing.
A.
The Eskimos not only using animal body parts for clothing but also using the animals parts in many ways:
1. The made tents with animal skins.
2. Tables used for sleeping covered with animal skin.
3. Weapons and tools are made with animal bones and teeth
4. Decorative items also made with animal skins.
b) Major part of the food includes vegetables.
A.
They are use meat, fish and seal oil as food items. vegetables are scarce, they gather fruits during summer.
c) Popular games amongst the people in Tundra are closely related to their daily lives.
A.
Wrestling, racing, harpoon throwing are the popular games of eskimos.
d) Contact with people from outside impacted Eskimos health.
A.
1. The contact of outside people affected badly the health of eskimos.
2. Outside people brought new diseases such as smallpox, tuberculosis, whooping cough, pneumonia, mums, scarlet fever, and diptheria.
2. Based on what you studied about equator regions in Class VII, how is Polar region different ?
A.
3. What are the ways in which life of people in Tundra are dependent on climate of the region? Describe in the context of following aspects:
Food Dress Travel Shelter
4. Create a wall paper with illustrations and descriptions comparing life with between your location and with that of Tundra.
A.
Wall Paper
5. Imagine one entire day (24 hours) when the sun does not set and another day when there is no sun. What changes will this make in your daily lives? Write a short note on them.
A.
1. If one entire day, the sun does not rise, there will be no light, we have to put artificial lights to get lighting. We have to change our working times and to change our food habits.
2. If one entire day, the sun does not set, there might be high temperatures in the climate. Our body may not adjustable to the situation. We have to change our clothing according to the high temperature. and change food habits.
6. Find out the living places of Eskimos in the world map.
IV. Choose the correct answers:
* The Tundra Region becomes dark , deserted and desolate in this season ( )
A) Summer
B) Winter
C) Rainy season
D) Spring
* The Sun begins to shine in the Tundra around ( )
A) February
B) March
C) Both A & B
D) May
* The main groups in Eskimos ( )
A) Inuit
B) Yupik
C) Both A & B
D) Red hunters
* Eskimo means ( )
A) snow head
B) snowshoe - netter
C) snow bodied man
D) All the above
* The people that lived in the regions of Greenland , Canada , Alaska and Siberia . ( )
A) Bedouins
B) Bushmen
C) Eskimos
D) Red hunters
* The region of Eskimos ( )
A) Tundra Region
B) Taiga Region
C) Steppe Region
D) Savannah Region.
*Due to cold , the upper soil surface of the region is frozen into a rock - like state al through the year is called ( )
A) Ice bergs
B) Permafrost
C) Vermi compost
D) All the above
*The ice that float in water . ( )
A) Ice bergs
B) Icehytes
C) Ice makers
D) Ice birds
*The is the place where the earth appears to meet the sky .( )
A) Horizon
B) equinoxes
C) movement in atmosphere
D) All the above
*The reason behind the new relationship of Eskimos win economic forces . ( )
A) air - travel
B) highways
C) powerful modern ships
D) All the above
*Tundra vegetation means ( )
A) that grow in Taiga region
B) that grow in Tundra region
C) that grow in desert region
D) All the above
* The Sun does not rise in this months in the Tundra Region ( )
A) November
B) December
C) January
D) All the above
* .......... months from the sun never sets ( )
A) May to July
B) January to March
C) November to January
D) August to October.
*The number or Eskimos in Greenland ( )
A) 2,000
B) 30,000
C) 22,500
D) 43,000
*The members in Eskimo group ( )
A) 25-45
B) 35-45
C) 20-40
D) 15-40
*The meaning of Igloo is ............. ( )
A) Shelter
B) Residence
C) Living area
D) None
*Tundra has the summer of months. ( )
A) 5 months
B) 8 months
C) 9 months
D) 3 months
*The Eskimos first entered North America about years ago, crossing the Bering straits ( )
A) 5000
B) 3000
C) 8000
D) 10000
* ...... hunting is essential for nearly all Eskimo groups. ( )
A) Deer
B) Caribou
C) Bear
D) Fox
*In most houses are built of stone slabs. ( )
A) Labrador
B) Norway
C) Alaska
D) Greenland.
